What
is meant by the term fog?
a. The mixing of an image with a
fixed color that thickens as the image's pixels get further away from the
viewpoint.
b. A special type of channel used in
graphics software for saving selections.
c.
a technique of blending bitmap-based images and text to reduce the
stair-stepping or jagged appearance.
d. The relationship of an image's
width to height or its proportions.
In a
3-D graphics environment, the process of subdividing a surface into a mesh of
smaller shapes that are easy to analyze is known as:
a. Anti-aliasing
b. Tessellation
c. Blending
d. Texture mapping
The
serial execution of the processes applied to geometric primitives (text, lines,
polygons, curves, and surfaces) in a graphics package to produce
two-dimensional output is called its:
a. Execution LIFO stack
b. Graphical modeling
c. Transmogrification
d.
Rendering pipeline
What
is meant by the term auto trace?
a. A part of off-screen memory that
holds the distance from the viewpoint for each pixel, the Z-value.
b.
A programmed function in illustration software that converts raster graphics
into vector graphics whereby paths are created along the edges of a scanned
image.
c. A process of removing hidden
surfaces by sorting polygons in back-to-front order prior to rendering.
d. Areas in an image with a blocky
or blotchy appearance.
Which
of the following is/are basic phases of creating 3-D computer graphics?
a. 3-D modeling
b. 3-D rendering
c. Transmogrification
d. Computer animation
When
considering illumination from light sources, which of the following types of
light sources has the same intensity in all directions:
a. Point source
b. Spot light
c. Parallel light
d. Specular
Another
term for the video output device for storing the graphic image as it is being
formed and later used for displaying the image is:
a. FIFO stack
b. Frame buffer
c. Flash drive
d. L3 cache
Images
based upon geometric elements, such as points, curves, and surfaces, that
follow mathematical equations are called:
a. Marques
b. Vectors
c. Knock-outs
d. Halftones
A
technique for achieving higher quality in lower-quality images is called
__________. It takes advantage of an optical illusion to simulate 24-bit
quality with 8-bit or 16-bit images:
a. Dithering
b. 3-D pipeline
c. Interpolation
d. Surface removal
Which
of the following file formats are popular vector-graphics formats?
a. EPS
b. XLS
c. SVG
d. PDF
Which
one of the following graphics standard specifications is the main competitor to
Microsoft's Direct3D (the 3D graphics API within DirectX)?
a. OpenGL
b. PHIGS
c. X 11
d. IRIS GL
Select
from the following choices the one that most closely completes the Shannon
sampling theorem: "The ideal samples of a continuous function contain all
the information in the original function if and only if the continuous function
is sampled at a frequency ___________ the highest frequency in the
function."
a. Equal to
b. Greater than twice
c. Greater than one-half
d. Less than one-half
Which
of the following is the most commonly used lighting model?
a.
Xerxes
b. Z-buffering
c. Texture mapping
d. Phong
Which
of the following statements about pixels are true? (Answer all that apply.)
a. A pixel has a dimension.
b. A pixel is a point.
c. Pixels are visible.
d. A pixel can have coordinates.
Of
the following, select all of the techniques that could be employed in
anti-aliasing:
a. Sinc-function filtering
b. Supersampling
c. Z-buffering
d. Flat shading
An
image rendering process that builds images based upon the propagation of light
rays and the effects of absorption, reflection, and refraction associated with
the objects being scanned is termed as:
a. Ray tracing
b. Grommets
c. Spread
d. Mask
_________
adds appropriately colored pixels to an image to make it seem as though more
colors were present in the original.
a. Imposition
b. Logo
c. Dithering
d. Over print
What
does the term "flythrough" imply?
a.
A series of mathematical operations that act on output primitives and geometric
attributes to convert them from modeling coordinates to device coordinates.
b. A memory buffer used to hold one
line of video.
c. Displayed representation of a
scene or an object that appears to have three axes of reference: height, width,
and depth (x, y, and z).
d. A type of animation in which the
camera moves around a scene, rather than objects moving in front of a
stationary camera.
Which
of the following colors belong to the standard four-color subtractive color
model used in color printing or otherwise used to describe the printing process?
a. Red
b. Magenta
c. Yellow
d. Green
Which
of the following polygon meshes is most commonly used in mesh modelling because
its input data are more readily acceptable to modern hardware?
a. Vertex-vertex mesh
b. Winged-edge mesh
c.
Vertex-face mesh
d. Quad-edge mesh
Which
of the following techniques reduces the appearance of jagged edges of lines and
edges in raster graphics?
a. Warnock space subdivision
b. Depth sort
c. Gouraud shading
d.
Anti-aliasing
What
is meant by the term crop?
a. In proportional spacing, the
tightening of space between letters to create a visually appealing flow to the
text.
b. The analysis of a picture using
techniques that can identify shades, colors, and relationships that cannot be
perceived by the human eye.
c. Changing or improving graphics
images, either interactively using a paint program or by using software
routines that alter contrast, smooth lines, or filter out unwanted data.
d. Trimming or masking of photos,
graphics, drawings, or illustrations.
The
vector-graphics package that was developed by Microsoft is:
a. Draw
b. Inkscape
c. Illustrator
d.
Visio
Which
of the following are common shading models?
a. Cortez
b. flat
c. Gouraud
d. Phong
The
effect that occurs when an object nearer to the viewport in 3-D space blocks
(masks) another, more distant object from view is called:
a. Depth
b. Cueing
c. Occlusion
d. Filtering
The
process whereby a specific key color (often blue or green) within an image is
made transparent when that image is mixed with another image is known as:
a. Graphic keying
b. Chroma keying
c. Shade keying
d. Scissors keying
Which
of the following best describes the term "vertex-vertex polygon
mesh?"
a. A process by which color
information is interpolated across the face of the polygon to determine the
colors at each pixel.
b. A method of using two buffers,
one for display and the other for rendering.
c. The simplest mathematical
representation of a mesh, but which is not widely used due to the
lack of explicit face and edge information.
d. A method of increasing the
quality of a texture map by applying different-resolution texture maps for
different objects in the same image, depending on their size and depth.
Which
one of the following is a data structure used to organize objects within a
space, which can be used in hidden-surface removal and in ray tracing?
a. Patch mesh
b. Circular buffer
c. Binary space partitioning (BSP)
tree
d. Hash table
What
is meant by the term projection?
a. The process of mapping three
dimensional images to two dimensions for display.
b. An interpolation technique used
to remove texture distortion, stair casing, or jagged edges at the edges of an
object.
c. The part of the graphics engine
that draws 3-D primitives, usually triangles or other simple polygons.
d. Wrapping a texture image onto an
object to create a realistic representation of the object in 3D space.
Which
one of the following formats would provide the least amount of pixelation when
its dimensions are scaled (magnified) in size?
a.
JPEG
b. TIFF
c. PNG
d. EPS
What
does the term "jaggies" imply?
a. Image that continues from one
page of a publication across the gutter or spine to the facing page.
b. The stair-step effect seen along
curves and edges in text or bit-mapped graphics.
c. In halftone screens, a
measurement of resolution or detail.
d. A photographic proof made from
assembled (stripped) negatives.
What
is meant by the term rigging?
a. A combination of colors that
appear to have a stronger impact and highly visible look.
b. The area of the graphics memory
used to store the Z or depth information about rendered objects.
c. The process of linking a 3-D
object, such as modeling a character, to its bone structure (skeletal
animation).
d. The process of applying a texture
to the surface of 3-D models to simulate walls, sky, etc.
What
does the term "depth sort" imply?
a. To convert an image or signal
into digital code by scanning, tracing on a graphics tablet, or using an analog
to digital conversion device.
b.
An algorithm for creating a hidden-line drawing of polygon data sets by drawing
the polygons from the most distant to the closest, in order.
c. The simulation of a
continuous-tone image (shaded drawing, photograph) with dots.
d. In computer graphics, a
particular shade or tint of a given color.
Which
of the following rotation techniques gives the best results?
a.
Euler angles
b. Axis-angle
c. 3 by 3 matrix
d. Quaternions
The
process of using an image described in a vector-graphics format and converting
it into a bitmapped image as output on a display or printer, or as storage in a
bitmapped file is known as
a. Pixelation
b. Rasterization
c. Transmogrification
d. Animation
Which
one of the color parameters measures how far away the color is from gray?
a.
Hue
b. Saturation
c. Brightness
d. Gamut
A
process in 2-D computer graphics whereby a closed vector path is used to mask
(block) parts of an image is known as:
a.
Double path
b. Palletized path
c. Keying path
d. Clipping path
Which
of the following is/are typical steps in a graphical pipeline that converts
three-dimensional objects for two-dimensional display or printing?
a. Hidden line/hidden surface
removal (HLHSR)
b. Rasterization
c. Viewport mapping and clipping
d.
Writing to the framebuffer
What
is meant by the term gradient?
a. A binary representation in which
a bit or set of bits corresponds to some part of an object such as an image or
font.
b. In computer graphics, a curve
that is generated using a mathematical formula which assures continuity with
other b-splines.
c. A color (or grayscale) fill that
gradually blends from one color to another, perhaps from light to dark, for
example.
d. In computer graphics, a technique
for simulating rough textures by creating irregularities in shading.
In
computer graphics, when a line or object is moved where one end or point stays
fixed in position is termed as:
a. Perfect banding
b. Rubber banding
c.
Print banding
d. Saddle banding
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